Zetemata

Acts 2

The chapter in full, then what it says, what the Greek or Hebrew decides, and where readers have disagreed.

Acts 2 WEB
  1. 1 Now when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all with one accord in one place.
  2. 2 Suddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.
  3. 3 Tongues like fire appeared and were distributed to them, and one sat on each of them.
  4. 4 They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak.
  5. 5 Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men, from every nation under the sky.
  6. 6 When this sound was heard, the multitude came together and were bewildered, because everyone heard them speaking in his own language.
  7. 7 They were all amazed and marveled, saying to one another, "Behold, aren't all these who speak Galileans?
  8. 8 How do we hear, everyone in our own native language?
  9. 9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia,
  10. 10 Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, the parts of Libya around Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes,
  11. 11 Cretans and Arabians—we hear them speaking in our languages the mighty works of God!"
  12. 12 They were all amazed and were perplexed, saying to one another, "What does this mean?"
  13. 13 Others, mocking, said, "They are filled with new wine."
  14. 14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice and spoke out to them, "You men of Judea and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.
  15. 15 For these aren't drunken, as you suppose, seeing it is only the third hour of the day.
  16. 16 But this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel:
  17. 17 'It will be in the last days, says God, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions. Your old men will dream dreams.
  18. 18 Yes, and on my servants and on my handmaidens in those days, I will pour out my Spirit, and they will prophesy.
  19. 19 I will show wonders in the sky above, and signs on the earth beneath: blood, and fire, and billows of smoke.
  20. 20 The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.
  21. 21 It will be that whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved.'
  22. 22 "Men of Israel, hear these words! Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs which God did by him among you, even as you yourselves know,
  23. 23 him, being delivered up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed;
  24. 24 whom God raised up, having freed him from the agony of death, because it was not possible that he should be held by it.
  25. 25 For David says concerning him, 'I saw the Lord always before my face, for he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved.
  26. 26 Therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced. Moreover my flesh also will dwell in hope,
  27. 27 because you will not leave my soul in Hades, neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay.
  28. 28 You made known to me the ways of life. You will make me full of gladness with your presence.'
  29. 29 "Brothers, I may tell you freely of the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.
  30. 30 Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne,
  31. 31 he foreseeing this, spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that his soul wasn't left in Hades, and his flesh didn't see decay.
  32. 32 This Jesus God raised up, to which we all are witnesses.
  33. 33 Being therefore exalted by the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this which you now see and hear.
  34. 34 For David didn't ascend into the heavens, but he says himself, 'The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit by my right hand
  35. 35 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet."'
  36. 36 "Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified."
  37. 37 Now when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?"
  38. 38 Peter said to them, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
  39. 39 For the promise is to you and to your children, and to all who are far off, even as many as the Lord our God will call to himself."
  40. 40 With many other words he testified and exhorted them, saying, "Save yourselves from this crooked generation!"
  41. 41 Then those who gladly received his word were baptized. There were added that day about three thousand souls.
  42. 42 They continued steadfastly in the apostles' teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer.
  43. 43 Fear came on every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles.
  44. 44 All who believed were together, and had all things in common.
  45. 45 They sold their possessions and goods, and distributed them to all, according as anyone had need.
  46. 46 Day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at home, they took their food with gladness and singleness of heart,
  47. 47 praising God and having favor with all the people. The Lord added to the assembly day by day those who were being saved.

Acts 2

What is happening

Luke's narrative has left the disciples in Jerusalem, told by Jesus before his ascension to wait for the promised gift of the Spirit. Acts 2 is that waiting answered. The setting is Pentecost — the Jewish festival fifty days after Passover, originally a harvest feast, by this period also associated with the giving of the Law at Sinai. Jerusalem is full of pilgrims. What happens in this chapter — the Spirit's coming, the crowd's bewilderment, and Peter's sermon — is the founding event of the church as Acts will describe it: not an idea catching on, but something given from outside and then explained from the scriptures Israel already had.

The passage, walked through

The chapter opens with the believers "all with one accord in one place" (2:1) when the sound comes: "a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind," filling the house, followed by what appeared as "tongues like fire," distributing themselves so that "one sat on each of them" (2:2-3). Then: "They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak" (2:4). The Greek for "languages" here is γλῶσσαι — actual human tongues, confirmed by what follows: Jews from a long list of nations "each heard them speaking in his own language" (2:6, ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ — literally "own dialect"). This is not glossolalia in the sense of unintelligible utterance; the whole point of the sign, per the list of nations in 2:9-11, is comprehensibility across difference. The crowd's reaction splits: amazement — "How do we hear, everyone in our own native language?" (2:8) — and mockery — "They are filled with new wine" (2:13).

Peter's sermon (2:14-36) answers both. First he dismisses the drunkenness charge on a practical ground: it is "only the third hour of the day" (2:15) — mid-morning, not a drinking hour. Then he reframes the event by scripture: "this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel" (2:16), quoting Joel's promise that God would "pour out my Spirit on all flesh," with sons, daughters, young and old, even "servants" and "handmaidens," prophesying (2:17-18) — a democratizing of what had been, in Israel's history, a gift given to a few. The Joel citation runs through cosmic signs and closes on the line Peter will build toward: "whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved" (2:21).

From there Peter turns to Jesus directly. He names what the crowd knows — "Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs" (2:22) — and does not soften the accusation: "you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed" (2:23), immediately setting it inside God's "determined counsel and foreknowledge" (2:23) — human guilt and divine purpose held together, not traded off against each other. The resurrection follows as fact and as fulfillment: "whom God raised up... because it was not possible that he should be held by" death (2:24), argued from Psalm 16 quoted at length (2:25-28), which David — demonstrably dead and buried, "his tomb is with us to this day" (2:29) — could not have been speaking of himself, since God had sworn an oath concerning David's own descendant occupying his throne (2:30). David, "being a prophet," foresaw and spoke of Messiah's resurrection (2:31). Peter's climax runs through Psalm 110 (2:34-35) to the flattest statement in the chapter: "God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified" (2:36).

The response is visceral — "they were cut to the heart" (2:37) — and the answer concrete: "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit" (2:38), a promise Peter extends beyond the room: "to you and to your children, and to all who are far off, even as many as the Lord our God will call to himself" (2:39). Three thousand are added that day (2:41), and the chapter closes on the shape of the new community: devotion "to the apostles' teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer" (2:42), shared possessions (2:44-45), daily temple gathering and home meals "with gladness and singleness of heart" (2:46), and growth attributed not to the church's effort but to its subject: "The Lord added to the assembly day by day those who were being saved" (2:47).

Where readers have disagreed

Two questions recur. First, the nature of the tongues: some later traditions have treated this event as paradigmatic for private, unintelligible prayer-speech; the text itself, with its list of nations each hearing "in his own language" (2:6, 2:8), describes known human languages given as a sign of reversal — Babel's scattering of tongues (Genesis 11) answered by a gathering in which every tongue understands. Second, "the promise of the Holy Spirit" and "the gift of the Holy Spirit" in 2:33 and 2:38: traditions differ on whether this describes something repeatable in individual experience after conversion or names Pentecost as a unique, unrepeatable hinge-event of salvation history received once by the church as a whole and thereafter given to each believer in baptism. The chapter itself does not settle the question systematically; it narrates the event and Peter's application of it to "every one of you" (2:38) without theorizing further.

What it asks of a reader

The chapter does not present tongues of fire as a spectacle to admire from a distance; it presents an accusation and a call. Peter tells his hearers plainly what they did — "you crucified" him (2:36) — and does not let cosmic sovereignty erase that; both stand. The crowd's question, "what shall we do?" (2:37), is the only response the sermon leaves room for, and the answer given is not vague: repentance, baptism, the naming of Jesus. The promise attached to it is not restricted to that room or that generation — it reaches "to all who are far off" (2:39), which includes, in Luke's own telling, every reader who was not standing in Jerusalem that morning.

The verses this turns on

Acts 2:1 WEB
Now when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all with one accord in one place.
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

Καὶ ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς ἦσαν πάντες ὁμοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό·

  • Καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • ἐν ἐν preposition G1722
  • τῷ ὁ article · dative singular neuter G3588
  • συνπληροῦσθαι συμπληρόω verb · present middle or passive infinitive G4845
  • τὴν ὁ article · accusative singular feminine G3588
  • ἡμέραν ἡμέρα noun · accusative singular feminine G2250
  • τῆς ὁ article · genitive singular feminine G3588
  • Πεντηκοστῆς πεντηκοστή noun · genitive singular feminine G4005
  • ἦσαν εἰμί verb · imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural G1510
  • πάντες πᾶς adjective · nominative plural masculine G3956
  • ὁμοῦ ὁμοῦ adverb G3674
  • ἐπὶ ἐπί preposition G1909

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. Romans 15:6 that with one accord you may with one mouth glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
  2. Philippians 2:2 make my joy full by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind;
  3. Acts 1:13 When they had come in, they went up into the upper room where they were staying, that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
  4. Philippians 1:27 Only let your way of life be worthy of the Good News of Christ, that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of your state, that you stand firm in one spirit, with one soul striving for the faith of the Good News;
  5. 1 Corinthians 16:8 But I will stay at Ephesus until Pentecost,
Acts 2:2 WEB
Suddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

καὶ ἐγένετο ἄφνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας καὶ ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἶκον οὗ ἦσαν καθήμενοι,

  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • ἐγένετο γίνομαι verb · aorist middle deponent indicative, 3rd person singular G1096
  • ἄφνω ἄφνω adverb G869
  • ἐκ ἐκ preposition G1537
  • τοῦ ὁ article · genitive singular masculine G3588
  • οὐρανοῦ οὐρανός noun · genitive singular masculine G3772
  • ἦχος ἦχος (I) noun · nominative singular masculine G2279
  • ὥσπερ ὥσπερ adverb G5618
  • φερομένης φέρω verb · present middle or passive participle, genitive singular feminine G5342
  • πνοῆς πνοή noun · genitive singular feminine G4157
  • βιαίας βίαιος adjective · genitive singular feminine G972
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. Acts 4:31 When they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were gathered together. They were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
  2. 1 Kings 19:11 He said, "Go out and stand on the mountain before Yahweh." Behold, Yahweh passed by, and a great and strong wind tore the mountains and broke in pieces the rocks before Yahweh; but Yahweh was not in the wind. After the wind there was an earthquake; but Yahweh was not in the earthquake.
  3. Psalm 18:10 He rode on a cherub, and flew. Yes, he soared on the wings of the wind.
  4. John 3:8 The wind blows where it wants to, and you hear its sound, but don't know where it comes from and where it is going. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit."
  5. Acts 16:25 But about midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them.
Acts 2:4 WEB
They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak.
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες Πνεύματος Ἁγίου, καὶ ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις καθὼς τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς.

  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • ἐπλήσθησαν πίμπλημι verb · aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural G4130
  • πάντες πᾶς adjective · nominative plural masculine G3956
  • Πνεύματος πνεῦμα noun · genitive singular neuter G4151
  • Ἁγίου, ἅγιος adjective · genitive singular neuter G40
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • ἤρξαντο ἄρχω verb · aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural G756
  • λαλεῖν λαλέω verb · present active infinitive G2980
  • ἑτέραις ἕτερος adjective · dative plural feminine G2087
  • γλώσσαις γλῶσσα noun · dative plural feminine G1100
  • καθὼς καθώς adverb G2531
  • τὸ ὁ article · nominative singular neuter G3588

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. Mark 16:17 These signs will accompany those who believe: in my name they will cast out demons; they will speak with new languages;
  2. Acts 13:52 The disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.
  3. Acts 4:31 When they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were gathered together. They were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
  4. Ephesians 5:18 Don't be drunken with wine, in which is dissipation, but be filled with the Spirit,
  5. 1 Corinthians 12:10 and to another workings of miracles, and to another prophecy, and to another discerning of spirits, to another different kinds of languages, and to another the interpretation of languages.
Acts 2:6 WEB
When this sound was heard, the multitude came together and were bewildered, because everyone heard them speaking in his own language.
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης συνῆλθεν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ συνεχύθη, ὅτι ἤκουον εἷς ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ λαλούντων αὐτῶν.

  • γενομένης γίνομαι verb · aorist middle deponent participle, genitive singular feminine G1096
  • δὲ δέ conjunction G1161
  • τῆς ὁ article · genitive singular feminine G3588
  • φωνῆς φωνή noun · genitive singular feminine G5456
  • ταύτης οὗτος demonstrative pronoun · genitive singular feminine G3778
  • συνῆλθεν συνέρχομαι verb · aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular G4905
  • τὸ ὁ article · nominative singular neuter G3588
  • πλῆθος πλῆθος noun · nominative singular neuter G4128
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • συνεχύθη, συγχέω verb · aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular G4797
  • ὅτι ὅτι conjunction G3754
  • ἤκουον ἀκούω verb · imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural G191

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. Matthew 2:3 When King Herod heard it, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.
  2. 1 Corinthians 16:9 for a great and effective door has opened to me, and there are many adversaries.
  3. Acts 2:2 Suddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.
  4. 2 Corinthians 2:12 Now when I came to Troas for the Good News of Christ, and when a door was opened to me in the Lord,
  5. Acts 3:11 As the lame man who was healed held on to Peter and John, all the people ran together to them in the porch that is called Solomon's, greatly wondering.
Acts 2:8 WEB
How do we hear, everyone in our own native language?
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν,

  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • πῶς πῶς adverb G4459
  • ἡμεῖς ἐγώ personal pronoun G1473
  • ἀκούομεν ἀκούω verb · present active indicative, 1st person plural G191
  • ἕκαστος ἕκαστος adjective · nominative singular masculine G1538
  • τῇ ὁ article · dative singular feminine G3588
  • ἰδίᾳ ἴδιος adjective · dative singular feminine G2398
  • διαλέκτῳ διάλεκτος noun · dative singular feminine G1258
  • ἡμῶν ἐγώ personal pronoun G1473
  • ἐν ἐν preposition G1722
  • ᾗ ὅς relative pronoun · dative singular feminine G3739
  • ἐγεννήθημεν, γεννάω verb · aorist passive indicative, 1st person plural G1080

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

Acts 2:9 WEB
Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia,
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

Πάρθοι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Ἐλαμεῖται, καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν,

  • Πάρθοι Πάρθος noun · nominative plural masculine G3934
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • Μῆδοι Μῆδος noun · nominative plural masculine G3370
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • Ἐλαμεῖται, Ἐλαμίτης noun · nominative plural masculine G1639
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532
  • οἱ ὁ article · nominative plural masculine G3588
  • κατοικοῦντες κατοικέω verb · present active participle, nominative plural masculine G2730
  • τὴν ὁ article · accusative singular feminine G3588
  • Μεσοποταμίαν, Μεσοποταμία noun · accusative singular feminine G3318
  • Ἰουδαίαν Ἰουδαία noun · accusative singular feminine G2449
  • τε τέ particle G5037

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. 1 Peter 1:1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the chosen ones who are living as foreigners in the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,
  2. Acts 16:6 When they had gone through the region of Phrygia and Galatia, they were forbidden by the Holy Spirit to speak the word in Asia.
  3. Acts 18:2 He found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them,
  4. 2 Timothy 1:15 This you know, that all who are in Asia turned away from me, of whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes.
  5. Revelation 1:4 John, to the seven assemblies that are in Asia: Grace to you and peace from God, who is and who was and who is to come; and from the seven Spirits who are before his throne;
Acts 2:13 WEB
Others, mocking, said, "They are filled with new wine."
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι Γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν.

  • ἕτεροι ἕτερος adjective · nominative plural masculine G2087
  • δὲ δέ conjunction G1161
  • διαχλευάζοντες διαχλευάζω verb · present active participle, nominative plural masculine G05512
  • ἔλεγον λέγω verb · imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural G3004
  • ὅτι ὅτι conjunction G3754
  • Γλεύκους γλεῦκος noun · genitive singular neuter G1098
  • μεμεστωμένοι μεστόω verb · perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine G3325
  • εἰσίν. εἰμί verb · present active indicative, 3rd person plural G1510

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. 1 Corinthians 14:23 If therefore the whole assembly is assembled together and all speak with other languages, and unlearned or unbelieving people come in, won't they say that you are crazy?
  2. 1 Samuel 1:14 Eli said to her, "How long will you be drunk? Get rid of your wine!"
  3. Acts 2:15 For these aren't drunken, as you suppose, seeing it is only the third hour of the day.
  4. Zechariah 10:7 Ephraim will be like a mighty man, and their heart will rejoice as through wine. Yes, their children will see it and rejoice. Their heart will be glad in Yahweh.
  5. Job 32:19 Behold, my breast is as wine which has no vent; like new wineskins it is ready to burst.
Acts 2:14 WEB
But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice and spoke out to them, "You men of Judea and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.
discussed above
Greek Nestle 1904

Σταθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος σὺν τοῖς ἕνδεκα ἐπῆρεν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπεφθέγξατο αὐτοῖς Ἄνδρες Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ἱερουσαλὴμ πάντες, τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ἔστω, καὶ ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου.

  • Σταθεὶς ἵστημι verb · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine G2476
  • δὲ δέ conjunction G1161
  • ὁ ὁ article · nominative singular masculine G3588
  • Πέτρος Πέτρος noun · nominative singular masculine G4074
  • σὺν σύν preposition G4862
  • τοῖς ὁ article · dative plural masculine G3588
  • ἕνδεκα ἕνδεκα numeral (indeclinable) G1733
  • ἐπῆρεν ἐπαίρω verb · aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular G1869
  • τὴν ὁ article · accusative singular feminine G3588
  • φωνὴν φωνή noun · accusative singular feminine G5456
  • αὐτοῦ αὐτός personal pronoun · genitive singular masculine G846
  • καὶ καί conjunction G2532

Punctuation is editorial — the manuscripts carry none.

See also 5
  1. Isaiah 51:7 "Listen to me, you who know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law. Don't fear the reproach of men, and don't be dismayed at their insults.
  2. Isaiah 51:1 "Listen to me, you who follow after righteousness, you who seek Yahweh. Look to the rock you were cut from, and to the quarry you were dug from.
  3. Acts 7:2 He said, "Brothers and fathers, listen. The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran,
  4. Deuteronomy 27:9 Moses and the Levitical priests spoke to all Israel, saying, "Be silent and listen, Israel! Today you have become the people of Yahweh your God.
  5. Isaiah 58:1 "Cry aloud! Don't spare! Lift up your voice like a trumpet! Declare to my people their disobedience, and to the house of Jacob their sins.

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